Vocabulary Spotlight

Bilious

Part of Speech: Adjective

Definition: Affected by or associated with nausea or vomiting; (figuratively) spiteful or bad-tempered.

“His bilious attitude made him difficult to work with.”

Pronunciation

[bil-yuhs]

Synonyms, Antonyms & Related Words

Synonyms

Irritable
Peevish
Cantankerous
Spiteful
Nauseous

Antonyms

Cheerful
Pleasant
Agreeable
Genial
Kind

Related Words

Dyspeptic
Liverish
Choleric

Word Origin

“Bilious” is derived from the Latin word “biliosus,” meaning “full of bile.” In ancient and medieval medicine, bile was associated with irritability and a bad temperament. The term retains its figurative meaning in modern language.

Word Family

Noun: Biliousness – A state of being irritable or sickly.

Related Adjective: Choleric – Easily angered; hot-tempered.

Mnemonics

Remember “Bilious” as being “full of bile” — indicating someone who is bitter, bad-tempered, or nauseous.

Industry-specific Usage

Medicine

“Bilious” can describe a condition related to bile production or digestion, often associated with nausea.

Literature

Authors may describe a character as bilious to emphasize a bitter, cantankerous personality.

Everyday Speech

In informal contexts, “bilious” might describe a person in a bad mood or behaving spitefully.

In Context

“Bilious” can refer both to a physical state of nausea and a figurative sense of bitterness or irritability. It is often used to highlight someone’s bad temper or negativity, reflecting their demeanor or health issues.

Vocabulary Challenges

1. What is the meaning of “Bilious”?

Cheerful and kind
Bad-tempered or nauseous
Full of energy
Highly respected

‘Bad-tempered or nauseous’ is correct, capturing the dual meaning of “bilious” as either irritable or affected by nausea.

2. Fill in the blank: “His _______ remarks made everyone uncomfortable during the meeting.”

pleasant
cheerful
genial
bilious

‘Bilious’ is appropriate here, as it describes a bitter, negative attitude that caused discomfort.

3. In which context would “bilious” most likely be used?

To describe a happy gathering
To describe a spiteful argument
In reference to an uplifting speech
To praise a good meal

‘To describe a spiteful argument’ is fitting, as “bilious” implies a bitter or unpleasant attitude.